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Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers

Last Updated : 03 Sep, 2024 - prepared by name
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Oops Interview Questions for Freshers

1. Explain what software testing is.

Software testing evaluates and verifies that a software application or system functions as expected. Software testing is a series of activities performed to identify defects in software.

The main objectives of software testing include:

  1. Finding Bugs: Detecting issues or defects in the software that could cause it to behave unexpectedly
  2. Validation: Ensuring that the software meets the functional and non-functional requirements specified by stakeholders.
  3. Verification: Confirming that the software is built according to design specifications.
  4. Improving Quality: Enhancing the overall quality of the software by identifying and fixing issues before deployment
  5. Ensuring User Satisfaction: Delivering a reliable product that meets user expectations and provides a positive user experience.

2. Explain black box testing, beta testing, bottom-up testing, and boundary testing

Black Box Testing Testing is based on analyzing a piece of software's specification without reference to its internal workings. The goal is to test how well the component conforms to the published requirements. To confirm that the Software achieves user requirements and functions as expected Testing a login form by entering various usernames and passwords to verify if access is granted correctly
Beta Testing Performed by real users in a real environment before the official release of the software. To collect feedback from users, find bugs, and Polish before deployment A group of users tests a new app version, providing feedback on bugs or usability issues before its release.
Bottom-Up Testing An approach to integration testing where the lowest-level components are tested first and then used to facilitate the testing of higher-level components. The process is repeated until the component at the top of the hierarchy is tested. To verify that the functionality of integrated components is working correctly as they are progressively tested. Testing individual functions of a payment system before integrating them into the complete transaction module.
Boundary Testing Focuses on testing the boundaries or limit conditions of the software being tested. To verify how the software handles edge cases, such as minimum and maximum input values. Testing a form field that accepts numbers from 1 to 100 by entering values like 0, 1, 100, and 101.

3. What are the different types of testing?

  • Manual Testing: Involves human testers executing test cases without automation tools.
  • Automated Testing: Uses scripts and tools to perform tests automatically.
  • Functional Testing: Validates that the software functions according to the requirements.
  • Non-Functional Testing: Assesses aspects like performance, usability, and reliability.
  • Regression Testing: Ensures that new code changes do not adversely affect existing features.
  • User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Conducted by end-users to ensure the software meets their needs.

4. What is the difference between verification and validation?

  • Verification: ensures that the product is developed in alignment with the specified requirements, addressing the question
  • Validation: Confirms that the product meets the user’s needs and requirements. It answers the question

5. What is the use of a test case?

A test case is a document outlining the conditions, inputs, actions, and expected outcomes necessary to confirm that a specific feature of a software application functions as expected. It commonly contains details such as the test case ID, description, preconditions, test steps, anticipated results, and actual outcomes.

6. Explain the concept of a test plan.

A test plan includes details such as the purpose of testing, the testing approach, resource requirements, risk assessment, and deliverables. A test plan is a detailed document explaining how testing will be done. It covers what needs to be tested, how it will be tested, what tools and people will be involved, and when the testing will take place.

7. What is boundary value analysis (BVA)?

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a testing technique that mainly focuses on testing edge values or boundaries of input ranges. Testing every possible value is a difficult process, instead of that we can check the values at the extremes (like the minimum, maximum, just below the minimum, and just above the maximum) because generally issues occur at these points.

For example, if a system accepts numbers from 1 to 100, BVA would test with values like 1, 100, 0, and 101, since errors are more likely to happen around these limits.

8. What is the Application Binary interface and Application Programming Interface (API)?

A specification that defines requirements for the portability of applications in binary form across different system platforms and environments is called an Application Binary Interface (ABI).

A formalized set of software calls and routines that can be referenced by an application program to access supporting systems or network services is called an Application Programming Interface (API).

9. What are some common challenges in software testing?

Some common challenges mainly faced during testing are:

  • Incomplete requirements
  • Time constraints
  • Rapidly changing software
  • Lack of communication between teams
  • Difficulty in replicating bugs
  • Managing test environments and data

10. How do you prioritize test cases?

Test cases can be prioritized mainly based on these factors, such as:

  • Risk: High-risk areas should be tested first.
  • Business impact: Features critical to the business should be prioritized.
  • Complexity: More complex functionalities may require more testing.
  • Frequency of use: Frequently used features should be tested more thoroughly.

11. What tools have you used for automated testing?

Some popular automated testing tools include:

  • Selenium
  • JUnit
  • TestNG
  • Appium
  • QTP/UFT (QuickTest Professional / Unified Functional Testing)
  • Postman (for API testing)
  • LoadRunner (for performance testing)

12. How do you handle bugs found in production?

Bugs found in production should be documented and reported immediately. The process typically involves:

  • Reproducing the bug
  • Assigning severity and priority levels
  • Communicating with the development team to investigate and fix the issue
  • Retesting the fix once it’s deployed
  • Updating documentation and test cases as necessary.

13. What is exploratory testing?

Exploratory testing is an informal testing approach where testers explore the application without predefined test cases. The goal is to gain insights into the application’s functionality and identify issues based on the tester's knowledge and experience. This type of testing encourages creativity and adaptability.

14. How do you confirm that your testing is comprehensive?

To ensure comprehensive testing

  • Develop a detailed test plan with defined objectives and coverage.
  • Utilize various testing techniques (e.g., BVA, equivalence partitioning).
  • Prioritize high-risk and critical areas
  • Review requirements and design documents for coverage.
  • Perform peer reviews of test cases.
  • Incorporate user feedback through UAT.

15. What is Code Coverage, Code Inspection, Code Walkthrough?

Code Coverage: An analysis method that determines which of the software have been executed (covered) by the test case suite and which have not been executed and therefore require additional attend.

Code Inspection: A formal testing technique where the programmer reviews source code with a group who asks questions analyzing the program logic, analyzing the code for a checklist of historically common programming errors, and analyzing its compliance with coding standards.

Code Walkthrough: A formal testing technique where source code is traced by a group with a small set of test cases, while the state of program variables is manually monitored, to analyze the programmer's logic and assumptions.

Oops Interview Questions for 2 Years Experience

1. Explain what software testing is.

Software testing evaluates and verifies that a software application or system functions as expected. Software testing is a series of activities performed to identify defects in software.

The main objectives of software testing include:

  1. Finding Bugs: Detecting issues or defects in the software that could cause it to behave unexpectedly
  2. Validation: Ensuring that the software meets the functional and non-functional requirements specified by stakeholders.
  3. Verification: Confirming that the software is built according to design specifications.
  4. Improving Quality: Enhancing the overall quality of the software by identifying and fixing issues before deployment
  5. Ensuring User Satisfaction: Delivering a reliable product that meets user expectations and provides a positive user experience.

2. Explain black box testing, beta testing, bottom-up testing, and boundary testing

Black Box Testing Testing is based on analyzing a piece of software's specification without reference to its internal workings. The goal is to test how well the component conforms to the published requirements. To confirm that the Software achieves user requirements and functions as expected Testing a login form by entering various usernames and passwords to verify if access is granted correctly
Beta Testing Performed by real users in a real environment before the official release of the software. To collect feedback from users, find bugs, and Polish before deployment A group of users tests a new app version, providing feedback on bugs or usability issues before its release.
Bottom-Up Testing An approach to integration testing where the lowest-level components are tested first and then used to facilitate the testing of higher-level components. The process is repeated until the component at the top of the hierarchy is tested. To verify that the functionality of integrated components is working correctly as they are progressively tested. Testing individual functions of a payment system before integrating them into the complete transaction module.
Boundary Testing Focuses on testing the boundaries or limit conditions of the software being tested. To verify how the software handles edge cases, such as minimum and maximum input values. Testing a form field that accepts numbers from 1 to 100 by entering values like 0, 1, 100, and 101.

3. What are the different types of testing?

  • Manual Testing: Involves human testers executing test cases without automation tools.
  • Automated Testing: Uses scripts and tools to perform tests automatically.
  • Functional Testing: Validates that the software functions according to the requirements.
  • Non-Functional Testing: Assesses aspects like performance, usability, and reliability.
  • Regression Testing: Ensures that new code changes do not adversely affect existing features.
  • User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Conducted by end-users to ensure the software meets their needs.

4. What is the difference between verification and validation?

  • Verification: ensures that the product is developed in alignment with the specified requirements, addressing the question
  • Validation: Confirms that the product meets the user’s needs and requirements. It answers the question

5. What is the use of a test case?

A test case is a document outlining the conditions, inputs, actions, and expected outcomes necessary to confirm that a specific feature of a software application functions as expected. It commonly contains details such as the test case ID, description, preconditions, test steps, anticipated results, and actual outcomes.

6. Explain the concept of a test plan.

A test plan includes details such as the purpose of testing, the testing approach, resource requirements, risk assessment, and deliverables. A test plan is a detailed document explaining how testing will be done. It covers what needs to be tested, how it will be tested, what tools and people will be involved, and when the testing will take place.

7. What is boundary value analysis (BVA)?

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a testing technique that mainly focuses on testing edge values or boundaries of input ranges. Testing every possible value is a difficult process, instead of that we can check the values at the extremes (like the minimum, maximum, just below the minimum, and just above the maximum) because generally issues occur at these points.

For example, if a system accepts numbers from 1 to 100, BVA would test with values like 1, 100, 0, and 101, since errors are more likely to happen around these limits.

8. What is the Application Binary interface and Application Programming Interface (API)?

A specification that defines requirements for the portability of applications in binary form across different system platforms and environments is called an Application Binary Interface (ABI).

A formalized set of software calls and routines that can be referenced by an application program to access supporting systems or network services is called an Application Programming Interface (API).

9. What are some common challenges in software testing?

Some common challenges mainly faced during testing are:

  • Incomplete requirements
  • Time constraints
  • Rapidly changing software
  • Lack of communication between teams
  • Difficulty in replicating bugs
  • Managing test environments and data

10. How do you prioritize test cases?

Test cases can be prioritized mainly based on these factors, such as:

  • Risk: High-risk areas should be tested first.
  • Business impact: Features critical to the business should be prioritized.
  • Complexity: More complex functionalities may require more testing.
  • Frequency of use: Frequently used features should be tested more thoroughly.

11. What tools have you used for automated testing?

Some popular automated testing tools include:

  • Selenium
  • JUnit
  • TestNG
  • Appium
  • QTP/UFT (QuickTest Professional / Unified Functional Testing)
  • Postman (for API testing)
  • LoadRunner (for performance testing)

12. How do you handle bugs found in production?

Bugs found in production should be documented and reported immediately. The process typically involves:

  • Reproducing the bug
  • Assigning severity and priority levels
  • Communicating with the development team to investigate and fix the issue
  • Retesting the fix once it’s deployed
  • Updating documentation and test cases as necessary.

13. What is exploratory testing?

Exploratory testing is an informal testing approach where testers explore the application without predefined test cases. The goal is to gain insights into the application’s functionality and identify issues based on the tester's knowledge and experience. This type of testing encourages creativity and adaptability.

14. How do you confirm that your testing is comprehensive?

To ensure comprehensive testing

  • Develop a detailed test plan with defined objectives and coverage.
  • Utilize various testing techniques (e.g., BVA, equivalence partitioning).
  • Prioritize high-risk and critical areas
  • Review requirements and design documents for coverage.
  • Perform peer reviews of test cases.
  • Incorporate user feedback through UAT.

15. What is Code Coverage, Code Inspection, Code Walkthrough?

Code Coverage: An analysis method that determines which of the software have been executed (covered) by the test case suite and which have not been executed and therefore require additional attend.

Code Inspection: A formal testing technique where the programmer reviews source code with a group who asks questions analyzing the program logic, analyzing the code for a checklist of historically common programming errors, and analyzing its compliance with coding standards.

Code Walkthrough: A formal testing technique where source code is traced by a group with a small set of test cases, while the state of program variables is manually monitored, to analyze the programmer's logic and assumptions.

Oops Interview Questions for 10 Years Experience

1. Explain what software testing is.

Software testing evaluates and verifies that a software application or system functions as expected. Software testing is a series of activities performed to identify defects in software.

The main objectives of software testing include:

  1. Finding Bugs: Detecting issues or defects in the software that could cause it to behave unexpectedly
  2. Validation: Ensuring that the software meets the functional and non-functional requirements specified by stakeholders.
  3. Verification: Confirming that the software is built according to design specifications.
  4. Improving Quality: Enhancing the overall quality of the software by identifying and fixing issues before deployment
  5. Ensuring User Satisfaction: Delivering a reliable product that meets user expectations and provides a positive user experience.

2. Explain black box testing, beta testing, bottom-up testing, and boundary testing

Black Box Testing Testing is based on analyzing a piece of software's specification without reference to its internal workings. The goal is to test how well the component conforms to the published requirements. To confirm that the Software achieves user requirements and functions as expected Testing a login form by entering various usernames and passwords to verify if access is granted correctly
Beta Testing Performed by real users in a real environment before the official release of the software. To collect feedback from users, find bugs, and Polish before deployment A group of users tests a new app version, providing feedback on bugs or usability issues before its release.
Bottom-Up Testing An approach to integration testing where the lowest-level components are tested first and then used to facilitate the testing of higher-level components. The process is repeated until the component at the top of the hierarchy is tested. To verify that the functionality of integrated components is working correctly as they are progressively tested. Testing individual functions of a payment system before integrating them into the complete transaction module.
Boundary Testing Focuses on testing the boundaries or limit conditions of the software being tested. To verify how the software handles edge cases, such as minimum and maximum input values. Testing a form field that accepts numbers from 1 to 100 by entering values like 0, 1, 100, and 101.

3. What are the different types of testing?

  • Manual Testing: Involves human testers executing test cases without automation tools.
  • Automated Testing: Uses scripts and tools to perform tests automatically.
  • Functional Testing: Validates that the software functions according to the requirements.
  • Non-Functional Testing: Assesses aspects like performance, usability, and reliability.
  • Regression Testing: Ensures that new code changes do not adversely affect existing features.
  • User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Conducted by end-users to ensure the software meets their needs.

4. What is the difference between verification and validation?

  • Verification: ensures that the product is developed in alignment with the specified requirements, addressing the question
  • Validation: Confirms that the product meets the user’s needs and requirements. It answers the question

5. What is the use of a test case?

A test case is a document outlining the conditions, inputs, actions, and expected outcomes necessary to confirm that a specific feature of a software application functions as expected. It commonly contains details such as the test case ID, description, preconditions, test steps, anticipated results, and actual outcomes.

6. Explain the concept of a test plan.

A test plan includes details such as the purpose of testing, the testing approach, resource requirements, risk assessment, and deliverables. A test plan is a detailed document explaining how testing will be done. It covers what needs to be tested, how it will be tested, what tools and people will be involved, and when the testing will take place.

7. What is boundary value analysis (BVA)?

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a testing technique that mainly focuses on testing edge values or boundaries of input ranges. Testing every possible value is a difficult process, instead of that we can check the values at the extremes (like the minimum, maximum, just below the minimum, and just above the maximum) because generally issues occur at these points.

For example, if a system accepts numbers from 1 to 100, BVA would test with values like 1, 100, 0, and 101, since errors are more likely to happen around these limits.

8. What is the Application Binary interface and Application Programming Interface (API)?

A specification that defines requirements for the portability of applications in binary form across different system platforms and environments is called an Application Binary Interface (ABI).

A formalized set of software calls and routines that can be referenced by an application program to access supporting systems or network services is called an Application Programming Interface (API).

9. What are some common challenges in software testing?

Some common challenges mainly faced during testing are:

  • Incomplete requirements
  • Time constraints
  • Rapidly changing software
  • Lack of communication between teams
  • Difficulty in replicating bugs
  • Managing test environments and data

10. How do you prioritize test cases?

Test cases can be prioritized mainly based on these factors, such as:

  • Risk: High-risk areas should be tested first.
  • Business impact: Features critical to the business should be prioritized.
  • Complexity: More complex functionalities may require more testing.
  • Frequency of use: Frequently used features should be tested more thoroughly.

11. What tools have you used for automated testing?

Some popular automated testing tools include:

  • Selenium
  • JUnit
  • TestNG
  • Appium
  • QTP/UFT (QuickTest Professional / Unified Functional Testing)
  • Postman (for API testing)
  • LoadRunner (for performance testing)

12. How do you handle bugs found in production?

Bugs found in production should be documented and reported immediately. The process typically involves:

  • Reproducing the bug
  • Assigning severity and priority levels
  • Communicating with the development team to investigate and fix the issue
  • Retesting the fix once it’s deployed
  • Updating documentation and test cases as necessary.

13. What is exploratory testing?

Exploratory testing is an informal testing approach where testers explore the application without predefined test cases. The goal is to gain insights into the application’s functionality and identify issues based on the tester's knowledge and experience. This type of testing encourages creativity and adaptability.

14. How do you confirm that your testing is comprehensive?

To ensure comprehensive testing

  • Develop a detailed test plan with defined objectives and coverage.
  • Utilize various testing techniques (e.g., BVA, equivalence partitioning).
  • Prioritize high-risk and critical areas
  • Review requirements and design documents for coverage.
  • Perform peer reviews of test cases.
  • Incorporate user feedback through UAT.

15. What is Code Coverage, Code Inspection, Code Walkthrough?

Code Coverage: An analysis method that determines which of the software have been executed (covered) by the test case suite and which have not been executed and therefore require additional attend.

Code Inspection: A formal testing technique where the programmer reviews source code with a group who asks questions analyzing the program logic, analyzing the code for a checklist of historically common programming errors, and analyzing its compliance with coding standards.

Code Walkthrough: A formal testing technique where source code is traced by a group with a small set of test cases, while the state of program variables is manually monitored, to analyze the programmer's logic and assumptions.

Oops Interview Questions and Answers - FAQs

1. Explain what software testing is.

Software testing evaluates and verifies that a software application or system functions as expected. Software testing is a series of activities performed to identify defects in software.

The main objectives of software testing include:

  1. Finding Bugs: Detecting issues or defects in the software that could cause it to behave unexpectedly
  2. Validation: Ensuring that the software meets the functional and non-functional requirements specified by stakeholders.
  3. Verification: Confirming that the software is built according to design specifications.
  4. Improving Quality: Enhancing the overall quality of the software by identifying and fixing issues before deployment
  5. Ensuring User Satisfaction: Delivering a reliable product that meets user expectations and provides a positive user experience.

2. Explain black box testing, beta testing, bottom-up testing, and boundary testing

Black Box Testing Testing is based on analyzing a piece of software's specification without reference to its internal workings. The goal is to test how well the component conforms to the published requirements. To confirm that the Software achieves user requirements and functions as expected Testing a login form by entering various usernames and passwords to verify if access is granted correctly
Beta Testing Performed by real users in a real environment before the official release of the software. To collect feedback from users, find bugs, and Polish before deployment A group of users tests a new app version, providing feedback on bugs or usability issues before its release.
Bottom-Up Testing An approach to integration testing where the lowest-level components are tested first and then used to facilitate the testing of higher-level components. The process is repeated until the component at the top of the hierarchy is tested. To verify that the functionality of integrated components is working correctly as they are progressively tested. Testing individual functions of a payment system before integrating them into the complete transaction module.
Boundary Testing Focuses on testing the boundaries or limit conditions of the software being tested. To verify how the software handles edge cases, such as minimum and maximum input values. Testing a form field that accepts numbers from 1 to 100 by entering values like 0, 1, 100, and 101.

3. What are the different types of testing?

  • Manual Testing: Involves human testers executing test cases without automation tools.
  • Automated Testing: Uses scripts and tools to perform tests automatically.
  • Functional Testing: Validates that the software functions according to the requirements.
  • Non-Functional Testing: Assesses aspects like performance, usability, and reliability.
  • Regression Testing: Ensures that new code changes do not adversely affect existing features.
  • User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Conducted by end-users to ensure the software meets their needs.

4. What is the difference between verification and validation?

  • Verification: ensures that the product is developed in alignment with the specified requirements, addressing the question
  • Validation: Confirms that the product meets the user’s needs and requirements. It answers the question

5. What is the use of a test case?

A test case is a document outlining the conditions, inputs, actions, and expected outcomes necessary to confirm that a specific feature of a software application functions as expected. It commonly contains details such as the test case ID, description, preconditions, test steps, anticipated results, and actual outcomes.

6. Explain the concept of a test plan.

A test plan includes details such as the purpose of testing, the testing approach, resource requirements, risk assessment, and deliverables. A test plan is a detailed document explaining how testing will be done. It covers what needs to be tested, how it will be tested, what tools and people will be involved, and when the testing will take place.

7. What is boundary value analysis (BVA)?

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a testing technique that mainly focuses on testing edge values or boundaries of input ranges. Testing every possible value is a difficult process, instead of that we can check the values at the extremes (like the minimum, maximum, just below the minimum, and just above the maximum) because generally issues occur at these points.

For example, if a system accepts numbers from 1 to 100, BVA would test with values like 1, 100, 0, and 101, since errors are more likely to happen around these limits.

8. What is the Application Binary interface and Application Programming Interface (API)?

A specification that defines requirements for the portability of applications in binary form across different system platforms and environments is called an Application Binary Interface (ABI).

A formalized set of software calls and routines that can be referenced by an application program to access supporting systems or network services is called an Application Programming Interface (API).

9. What are some common challenges in software testing?

Some common challenges mainly faced during testing are:

  • Incomplete requirements
  • Time constraints
  • Rapidly changing software
  • Lack of communication between teams
  • Difficulty in replicating bugs
  • Managing test environments and data

10. How do you prioritize test cases?

Test cases can be prioritized mainly based on these factors, such as:

  • Risk: High-risk areas should be tested first.
  • Business impact: Features critical to the business should be prioritized.
  • Complexity: More complex functionalities may require more testing.
  • Frequency of use: Frequently used features should be tested more thoroughly.

11. What tools have you used for automated testing?

Some popular automated testing tools include:

  • Selenium
  • JUnit
  • TestNG
  • Appium
  • QTP/UFT (QuickTest Professional / Unified Functional Testing)
  • Postman (for API testing)
  • LoadRunner (for performance testing)

12. How do you handle bugs found in production?

Bugs found in production should be documented and reported immediately. The process typically involves:

  • Reproducing the bug
  • Assigning severity and priority levels
  • Communicating with the development team to investigate and fix the issue
  • Retesting the fix once it’s deployed
  • Updating documentation and test cases as necessary.

13. What is exploratory testing?

Exploratory testing is an informal testing approach where testers explore the application without predefined test cases. The goal is to gain insights into the application’s functionality and identify issues based on the tester's knowledge and experience. This type of testing encourages creativity and adaptability.

14. How do you confirm that your testing is comprehensive?

To ensure comprehensive testing

  • Develop a detailed test plan with defined objectives and coverage.
  • Utilize various testing techniques (e.g., BVA, equivalence partitioning).
  • Prioritize high-risk and critical areas
  • Review requirements and design documents for coverage.
  • Perform peer reviews of test cases.
  • Incorporate user feedback through UAT.

15. What is Code Coverage, Code Inspection, Code Walkthrough?

Code Coverage: An analysis method that determines which of the software have been executed (covered) by the test case suite and which have not been executed and therefore require additional attend.

Code Inspection: A formal testing technique where the programmer reviews source code with a group who asks questions analyzing the program logic, analyzing the code for a checklist of historically common programming errors, and analyzing its compliance with coding standards.

Code Walkthrough: A formal testing technique where source code is traced by a group with a small set of test cases, while the state of program variables is manually monitored, to analyze the programmer's logic and assumptions.

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What skills do I need before starting the Full Stack Internship?
It is recommended that applicants have a basic understanding of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Familiarity with a backend language like Node.js or Python and a database such as MongoDB or SQL will be beneficial, but not required.
Will I receive a certificate upon completion of the internship?
Yes, a certificate of completion will be awarded to all interns who successfully complete the program and meet the requirements.
What kind of projects will I work on during the Full Stack Internship?
Interns will work on real-world projects involving both frontend and backend development. This includes tasks like building user interfaces, developing APIs, and managing databases to give a comprehensive understanding of full stack development.